Hardness, Refractive Index and Specific Gravity Gem basic concept

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Gem or Mineral	Hardness	Refractive Index	Specific Gravity
Agate	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.61
Alexandrite	8.50	1.74-1.75	3.71
Almandine Garnet	7.50	1.76-1.83	4.00
Amber	2.50	1.54-1.55	1.08
Amethyst	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Ametrine	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Andalusite	7.50	1.63-1.64	3.12
Andradite	6.50	1.85-1.89	3.85
Apatite	5.00	1.63-1.64	3.20
Aquamarine	7.50	1.57-1.58	2.69
Aventurine Quartz	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Azurite	3.50	1.73-1.84	3.78
Black Opal	6.00	1.37-1.47	2.10
Bloodstone	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.60
Blue Chalcedony	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.61
Blue Sapphire	9.00	1.76-1.77	4.00
Blue Topaz	8.00	1.62-1.63	3.54
Calcite	3.00	1.48-1.66	2.71
Carnelian	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.60
Cats-Eye Chrysoberyl	8.50	1.74-1.75	3.71
Cats-Eye Quartz	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Chrysoprase	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.61
Citrine	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Coral	3.50	1.49-1.66	2.65
Danburite	7.50	1.63-1.64	3.00
Demantoid	6.50	1.85-1.89	3.85
Diamond	10.00	2.42	3.52
Diopside	5.50	1.66-1.72	3.29
Dioptase	5.00	1.67-1.72	3.31
Emerald	7.50	1.57-1.58	2.70
Fire Opal	6.50	1.45	2.20
Fluorite	4.00	1.43	3.10
Goldenite	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.65
Goshenite	7.50	1.58-1.59	2.80
Grossular Garnet	7.00	1.69-1.73	3.49
Heliodor	7.50	1.57-1.58	2.80
Hematite	6.50	2.94-3.22	5.20
Hessonite	7.25	1.73-1.75	3.65
Hiddenite	7.00	1.66-1.67	3.18
Hyacinth	7.50	1.93-1.98	4.70
Indicolite	7.50	1.62-1.68	3.06
Iolite	7.00	1.53-1.55	2.63
Jadeite Jade	7.00	1.66-1.68	3.33
Jasper	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.61
Jet	2.50	1.64-1.68	1.38
Kunzite	7.00	1.66-1.67	3.17
Kyanite*	7.00/5.00	1.71-1.73	3.60
Labradorite	6.00	1.56-1.57	2.70
Lapis Lazuli	5.50	1.50	2.80
Malachite	4.00	1.85	3.80
Mandarin Garnet	7.00	1.79-1.81	4.16
Milarite	5.50	1.53-1.55	2.61
Moldavite	5.00	1.48-1.51	2.40
Moonstone	6.00	1.52-1.53	2.57
Morganite	7.50	1.58-1.59	2.80
Nephrite Jade	6.50	1.61-1.63	2.96
Obsidian	5.00	1.48-1.51	2.35
Onyx	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.60
Opal	6.00	1.37-1.47	2.10
Orthoclase	6.00	1.51-1.54	2.56
Padparadscha	9.00	1.76-1.77	4.00
Pearl	3.00	1.53-1.68	2.70
Peridot	6.50	1.64-1.69	3.34
Petrified Wood	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.61
Pyrope	7.25	1.72-1.76	3.80
Quartz Crystal	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Red Beryl	7.50	1.57-1.58	2.80
Rhodochrosite	4.00	1.60-1.80	3.70
Rhodolite	7.00	1.72-1.76	3.85
Rhodonite	6.00	1.71-1.73	3.60
Rose Quartz	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Rubellite	7.50	1.62-1.64	3.06
Ruby	9.00	1.76-1.77	4.00
Sapphire	9.00	1.76-1.77	4.00
Sard	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.61
Sardonyx	7.00	1.53-1.54	2.61
Scapolite	6.00	1.54-1.58	2.70
Serpentine	2.50-5.00	1.55-1.56	2.60
Sillimanite	7.50	1.66-1.68	3.25
Smoky Quartz	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Sodalite	5.50	1.48	2.27
Spectrolite	6.00	1.56-1.57	2.70
Spessartine	7.00	1.79-1.81	4.16
Spinel	8.00	1.71-1.73	3.60
Sunstone	6.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Tanzanite	6.50	1.69-1.70	3.35
Tigers-Eye Quartz	7.00	1.54-1.55	2.65
Titanite	5.00	1.84-2.03	3.53
Topaz	8.00	1.62-1.63	3.54
Tourmaline	7.50	1.62-1.64	3.06
Tsavorite	7.00	1.69-1.73	3.49
Turquoise	6.00	1.61-1.65	2.80
Uvarovite Garnet	7.50	1.86-1.87	3.77
Zircon	7.50	1.93-1.98	4.69
*Kyanite has two hardness values: 7.00 when crystals are perpendicular to its cleavage, and 5.00 when they are parallel.

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